Child care is an umbrella term, and there are many different types of care settings you can choose from, whether you need part-time or full-time support. In this short guide, we’ll provide an overview of some common childcare options:
In-home care vs. center-based care:
The first option to consider is if you want in-home care or center-based care. In-home care refers to programs that occur in the caregiver’s home, but it could also include hiring someone who provides care in your own home. Center-based care involves leaving your child at a daycare center or early education facility.
Many families like in-home care for its smaller and cozy environment, but if the caregivers are sick or need time off, the coverage may not be as reliable as center-based care, where there is more staffing including “floaters” who can help cover for caregivers when they need time off.
How programs are regulated
Both in-home and center-based care can be safe and nurturing options, but it’s important to understand that an in-home program and a center-based program might not be licensed. Each state has its own agency that issues child care licenses. Ensuring your chosen program is licensed can speak to their commitment for safety best practices. Child care licensing covers things like:
health and safety
safe sleep practices
caregiver to child ratios
group size
food preparation and serving
staff training requirements
sanitation
emergency preparedness plans
background checks for staff
You can check for licensing in your state here.
In-home options:
Private Nanny:employing a local caregiver exclusively for your child.
Nanny Share:two or more families sharing the services of a single nanny, reducing costs while still providing personalized care.
Au pair:An au pair is typically a young person from another country who lives with your family and provides childcare in exchange for room, board, and a stipend. Au pairs offer a cultural exchange experience and can become like a member of the family.
How to find in-home providers
Daycare vs. early education schools:
Early education programs often refer to their programs as schools, not daycares. Is there actually a difference? Programmatically, yes, there is a difference.
Enrolling in an early education program, even at the infant or toddler level, will have a different focus than a daycare. A daycare’s primary function is to provide a safe, nurturing environment while the parents are away, such as a “mother’s day out program.” An early education program’s focus is to implement a structured and developmentally-appropriate format for learning.
While both options provide supervision and basic care, early education programs often prioritize educational experiences and may have a more structured curriculum.
Montessori vs. Waldorf vs. Reggio vs. Traditional
If you choose an early education program, there’s even more to filter! There are also different approaches and teaching methods to early education. Here’s a quick overview of the most popular early education paths:
Conventional approach:
Traditional:Traditional education typically emphasizes rote memorization related to the introduction of academic subjects. Classroom settings are often organized by age, with a teacher delivering lessons to the entire class. While traditional education provides a solid foundation in core subjects, it may offer less flexibility for individualized learning and creativity compared to alternative approaches. Traditional programs typically start at preschool, or ages 3-4, with anything sooner resembling conventional daycare.
Alternative approaches:
Montessori:Montessori education emphasizes independence, freedom within limits, and respect for a child's natural development. It is characterized by mixed-age classrooms, hands-on learning materials, and a focus on self-directed activities rooted in practical life, like gardening, sewing, or food prep. Montessori programs can begin in infancy, called “Nido” programs, but this may vary by school.
Waldorf:Waldorf education emphasizes creativity and imagination, and is known as having a play-based approach to learning with academics introduced later (7+). Waldorf programs for the early years emphasize storytelling, imaginative play, and rhythm in daily activities. Waldorf programs can begin in infancy, but this may vary by school.
Reggio Inspired:Reggio Emilia-inspired education is based on the principles of respect, responsibility, and community. Learning experiences are child-led and project-based, with a focus on collaboration, inquiry, and creativity. The environment is considered the "third teacher," with classrooms designed to inspire exploration and discovery. The Reggio method can also begin in infancy, but may vary by school.
When choosing childcare, consider factors such as your child's age, personality, and developmental needs, as well as your family's schedule, budget, and values. Visiting potential childcare providers, asking for recommendations, and checking references can also help you make an informed decision. Ultimately, the right childcare option is one that meets your child's needs and gives you peace of mind as a parent.