Unfortunately, it's usually a matter of "when," not "if." Here's a proactive guide to help you stay calm and collected when that first Emergency Room (ER) visit comes around.
First, what constitutes an emergency for a baby or toddler?
An ER visit is necessary when your child has a severe injury, a sudden and serious illness, or a medical condition that can't wait for a doctor's appointment and could seriously threaten their health.
This includes:
Seizures
Severe dehydration
Respiratory distress/difficulty breathing
Neck stiffness with fever
Severe and persistent pain
Severe allergic reactions
A large or deep cut
Serious burns
A fall or accident that led to loss of consciousness, confusion, severe or worsening headache, and vomiting
Know where to go
If you need to drive to the ER, go to the closest one. However, not all emergency departments have pediatric providers on staff, and they may transfer you to the nearest hospital with pediatric specialties. If there is an ER close to you with pediatric providers on staff, it may make sense to choose that one first. Discussing this with your pediatrician beforehand can be helpful so that you know where to go, just in case.
When do I call for an ambulance instead of drive?
Do not drive and call 911 if your child is choking (always call before you begin CPR), if they are having trouble breathing and turning blue, are unconscious, having a seizure, or are seriously injured, such as from being involved in a car crash.
Urgent care vs. emergency care
Urgent care centers are suited for times when you or your child need to be seen promptly over mild symptoms, but you can't get in to see your primary doctor. For emergencies and severe symptoms, always go to the ER.
Prepare to wait
ERs prioritize cases based on severity; it's not first-come, first-served. This means non-life-threatening cases may face longer waits. If the situation allows, pack a bag with all the essentials you'd typically want when leaving the house, and plan on a few extra items in the event you get admitted, such as a toothbrush, phone charger, change of clothes, snacks, books, toys, and any favorite comfort items for your baby.
Prepare to advocate
You'll likely be asked many questions about the chain of events relating to your child's illness or accident, your child's medical history, a log of any recent medications given, known allergies, and more. It's important to remember that you are your baby's best advocate, so don't hesitate to ask questions back to the medical staff or share any concerns you have.
If you or your baby encounter a procedure or test that could provoke medical stress, ask for a Child Life Specialist. This is a special role often found in children's hospitals. Child Life Specialists support children through play, education, and comfort techniques to make the experience less stressful.
Your instincts as a parent are crucial. If unsure, calling your pediatrician or nurse helpline can help determine if an ER visit is needed.